imishini yokuvuselela ibhethri ye-lithium ion
Imishini yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion iyimishini ekhethekile eklanyelwe ukukhipha izinto ezibalulekile kumabhethri e-lithium-ion ukuze ziphinde zisetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni okusha kwebhethri noma kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.Imishini ngokuvamile ihlanganisa izinyathelo ezimbalwa zokuhlukanisa nokubuyisela izinto ezifana ne-lithium, i-cobalt, i-nickel, ithusi, ne-aluminium kumaseli ebhethri.
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezithile ezisetshenziselwa ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion zingahluka kuye ngosayizi nohlobo lwamabhethri acutshungulwayo.Kodwa-ke, ezinye izingxenye ezijwayelekile zemishini zingabandakanya:
- Izisetshenziswa Zokuchoboza Nokusihlinza: Lo mshini usetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa amabhethri abe yizingcezu ezincane ukuze kube lula ukukhishwa okulandelayo kwezinto.
- Izisetshenziswa Zokuhlukanisa Zemishini: Lo mshini usetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa izingxenye ezihlukene zebhethri, njenge-anode, i-cathode, ne-electrolyte.Ukwehlukana kungase kuzuzwe ngezinqubo ezifana nokusefa, ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe, nokuhlukaniswa kwamanje kwe-eddy.
- Izisetshenziswa Zokuhlukanisa Amakhemikhali: Lo mshini usetshenziselwa ukuqhubeka nokucwenga izingxenye ezihlukanisiwe ngokusebenzisa izinqubo zamakhemikhali, ezifana ne-leaching noma i-solvent extraction.
- Izisetshenziswa zokuncibilikisa noma zokucwenga: Lo mshini usetshenziselwa ukubuyisela izinsimbi ezibalulekile ezintweni ezihlukanisiwe, njenge-lithium, i-cobalt, i-nickel, nethusi, ngezinqubo ezifana nokuncibilika noma i-electrolysis.
- Izisetshenziswa Zokuhlanza Imfucuza: Lo mshini usetshenziselwa ukwelapha udoti osalayo ovela ohlelweni lokugaywa kabusha, njengebhokisi lepulasitiki nezinye izinto ezingezona ezensimbi, ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wendawo.
Sekukonke, okokusebenza kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni okusimeme kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion, okusiza ekwehliseni imfucuza kanye nokonga izinsiza ezibalulekile.
ividiyo sicela ubheke isixhumanisi esingezansi:
Umshini wepulasitiki ogaywe kabusha kanye ne-granulating uhlobo lwempahla esetshenziswa ukugaywa kabusha imfucumfucu yepulasitiki ibe yizinhlayiyana noma ama-pellets angasetshenziswa kabusha ekwenzeni imikhiqizo emisha yepulasitiki.Umshini ngokuvamile usebenza ngokuhlikihla noma ukugaya udoti wepulasitiki ube izingcezu ezincane, bese uyancibilikisa futhi uwukhiphe ngedayidi ukuze wakhe ama-pellets noma ama-granules.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini yokugaywa kabusha yepulasitiki kanye ne-granulating etholakalayo, okuhlanganisa isikulufu esisodwa kanye nezikhiphi eziphuma ngamawele.Eminye imishini ihlanganisa izici ezengeziwe ezifana nezikrini zokususa ukungcola emfucumfucwini yepulasitiki noma izinhlelo zokupholisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ama-pellets aqina ngendlela efanele.Umshini wokuwasha amabhodlela we-PET, umugqa wokugeza izikhwama we-PP
Imishini yokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki kanye ne-granulating ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini ezikhiqiza udoti omkhulu wepulasitiki, njengokupakisha, ezezimoto, nezokwakha.Ngokwenza kabusha imfucumfucu yepulasitiki, le mishini isiza ukunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wokulahlwa kwepulasitiki futhi ilondoloze izinsiza ngokusebenzisa kabusha izinto ebezingalahlwa.
Imishini yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium iwuhlobo lwempahla esetshenziswa ukuphinda igaywe futhi ithole izinto ezibalulekile kumabhethri e-lithium-ion, avame ukusetshenziswa kumishini kagesi efana nama-smartphone, amalaptop, nezimoto zikagesi.Okokusebenza ngokuvamile kusebenza ngokwephula amabhethri ezingxenyeni zawo, njenge-cathode nezinto ze-anode, isixazululo se-electrolyte, namafoil ensimbi, bese ehlukanisa futhi ehlanza lezi zinto ukuze ziphinde zisetshenziswe.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini yokuvuselela ibhethri ye-lithium etholakalayo, okuhlanganisa izinqubo ze-pyrometallurgical, izinqubo ze-hydrometallurgical, nezinqubo zemishini.Izinqubo ze-Pyrometallurgical zibandakanya ukucutshungulwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kwamabhethri ukuze kubuyiselwe izinsimbi ezifana nethusi, i-nickel, ne-cobalt.Izinqubo ze-Hydrometallurgical zisebenzisa izixazululo zamakhemikhali ukuze zihlakaze izingxenye zebhethri futhi zibuyisele izinsimbi, kuyilapho izinqubo zemishini zihilela ukuhlakazeka nokugaya amabhethri ukuze ahlukanise izinto.
Imishini yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium ibalulekile ekwehliseni umthelela wemvelo wokulahlwa kwebhethri nokulondoloza izinsiza ngokuthola izinsimbi ezibalulekile nezinto ezingasetshenziswa kabusha kumabhethri amasha noma kweminye imikhiqizo.
Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo zokongiwa kwemvelo nezinsiza, okokusebenza kabusha kwebhethri le-lithium nakho kunezinzuzo zezomnotho.Ukuthola izinsimbi ezibalulekile nezinto ezisetshenziswayo kumabhethri asetshenzisiwe kunganciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza amabhethri amasha, kuphinde kudale imizila yemali emisha yezinkampani ezibandakanyekayo enqubweni yokugaywa kabusha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kwesidingo sezimoto zikagesi nezinye izinto zikagesi kuqhuba isidingo semboni esebenza kahle futhi esimeme yokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri.Imishini yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium ingasiza ukuhlangabezana nalesi sidingo ngokuhlinzeka ngendlela ethembekile nengabizi kakhulu yokuthola izinto ezibalulekile kumabhethri asetshenzisiwe.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium kuseyimboni entsha uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi kunezinselelo okufanele uzinqobe mayelana nokuthuthukisa izinqubo zokugaywa kabusha ezisebenza kahle nezingabizi.Ukwengeza, ukuphatha kahle kanye nokulahlwa kwemfucuza yebhethri kubalulekile ukuze kugwenywe izingozi zemvelo nempilo.Ngakho-ke, kufanele kube nemithethonqubo efanele kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphathwa kahle nokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri e-lithium.
